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Purpose

This megastudy is a massive randomized controlled trial. By randomizing participants to 10 different intervention conditions simultaneously, the investigators will be able to compare the effectiveness of different interventions to one another and to a control group (in which individuals will only receive the usual communications from their partner organization) to identify which interventions significantly increase vaccination rates. Pharmacy customers will be randomly assigned to receive one of the interventions designed by team scientists to encourage vaccination or to a control group. The baseline intervention will be based on the top-performing SMS intervention identified in the investigators previous megastudies on encouraging vaccination (Milkman et al., 2021b, 2022). Pharmacy customers will receive SMS messages conveying that a COVID booster vaccine is reserved or waiting for them at the pharmacy. Additional behavioral science messaging strategies will be tested by building off of this baseline intervention.

Condition

Eligibility

Eligible Ages
Over 18 Years
Eligible Genders
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes

Inclusion Criteria

• Patient of a large retail pharmacy that has opted into receving SMS messages from the pharmacy and has received their primary COVID vaccination series.

Exclusion Criteria

  • The patient unsubscribed from texts before the send date and time of the patient's SMS/MMS message - The patient received a bivalent COVID booster before the send date and time of the patient's SMS/MMS message.

Study Design

Phase
N/A
Study Type
Interventional
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention Model
Parallel Assignment
Intervention Model Description
Participants will be randomly assigned to the different arms.
Primary Purpose
Health Services Research
Masking
Double (Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking Description
As treated participants will receive text messages, there is no scope for blinding. Care providers will not be made aware of subjects' participation in the study, or assigned treatment arms. The study team will only receive data on subjects' assigned arms and outcomes at the end of the study.

Arm Groups

ArmDescriptionAssigned Intervention
No Intervention
Holdout control condition with no message 		Participants will only receive the standard pharmacy messaging.
Experimental
Control condition with "waiting for you" message 		This control condition will use the text message that we've found to be the best performing in our last mega-study of vaccine text messages to recommend a COVID vaccination.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Control condition with "waiting for you" message with a GIF 		This control condition will use the text message that we've found to be the best performing in our last mega-study of vaccine text messages and includes a GIF to recommend a COVID vaccination.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Planning message recommending same time/location as last vaccination 		This condition will use a text message recommending the same time and location as the participant's last vaccination to get a COVID vaccination.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Message from local pharmacy team 		This condition will use a text message from the participant's local pharmacist recommending a COVID vaccination.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Message including link to resources combating misinformation 		This condition will use a text message including a link to to resources combating misinformation and then recommend a COVID vaccination.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Message including link to resources combating misinformation with a GIF 		This condition will use a text message including a link to to resources combating misinformation and then recommend a COVID vaccination and will include a GIF.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Message offering free round trip ride to the pharmacy 		This condition will use a text message offering a free round trip ride to the pharmacy to get a COVID vaccination.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Message communicating latest data on COVID transmission in patient's area 		This condition will use a text message informing the participant of the latest data on COVID transmission in participant's area and recommend a COVID vaccination.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Message encouraging vaccination in preparation for the holidays 		This condition will use a text message to encourage a COVID vaccination in preparation for the holidays.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.
Experimental
Message conveying the CDC recommends vaccination 		This condition will use a text message to encourage a COVID vaccination by conveying the CDC recommends vaccination.
  • Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages
    Participants will receive text messages per descriptions listed in the arms.

Recruiting Locations

More Details

NCT ID
NCT05607082
Status
Completed
Sponsor
University of Pennsylvania

Notice

Study information shown on this site is derived from ClinicalTrials.gov (a public registry operated by the National Institutes of Health). The listing of studies provided is not certain to be all studies for which you might be eligible. Furthermore, study eligibility requirements can be difficult to understand and may change over time, so it is wise to speak with your medical care provider and individual research study teams when making decisions related to participation.