DISulfiram for COvid-19 (DISCO) Trial
Purpose
Disulfiram (DSF) a safe, easily dosed, FDA-approved drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence has been identified to be a potential therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Disulfiram may have both antiviral (inhibiting viral replication via blocking the Mpro protease and zinc ejection) and anti-inflammatory effects (via inhibition of NF-kB-induced and NLRP inflammasome-induced cytokine release) on SARS-CoV-2. We will study oral disulfiram given for 5 consecutive days (1000 mg/day in cohort 1; 2000 mg/day in cohort 2) in 60 symptomatic COVID+ individuals in a randomized (2:1) randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating disulfiram's effect on COVID-19 symptom severity, SARS-CoV-2 viral load, and biomarkers of inflammation and pyroptosis (aberrant pro-inflammatory cell death) over 31 days.
Condition
- Covid19
Eligibility
- Eligible Ages
- Over 18 Years
- Eligible Genders
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- Willing and able to provide written informed consent, and - Age >= 18 years, and - SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR (nucleic acid) test within the preceding 7 days, and - Not currently hospitalized, and - Willing to abstain from any alcohol during the two week period in which disulfiram will be administered and during the two week period immediately after disulfiram administration. - Both male and female subjects are eligible. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at screening and agree to use a double-barrier method of contraception throughout the study period.
Exclusion Criteria
- Pregnant, breastfeeding, or unwilling to practice birth control during participation in the study - Active malignancy requiring systemic chemotherapy or surgery in the preceding 3 months or for whom such therapies are expected in the subsequent 6 months - Decompensated liver disease as defined by the presence of ascites, encephalopathy, esophageal or gastric varices, or persistent jaundice - Serious illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization in the 3 months prior to study enrollment - Concurrent treatment with immunomodulatory drugs, and/or exposure to any immunomodulatory drug in the 4 weeks prior to study enrollment (e.g. corticosteroid therapy equal to or exceeding a dose of 15 mg/day of prednisone for more than 10 days, IL-2, interferon-alpha, methotrexate, cancer chemotherapy). NOTE: use of inhaled or nasal steroid is not exclusionary. - Serious medical or psychiatric illness that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with the ability to adhere to study requirements or to give informed consent. - Current alcohol use disorder or hazardous alcohol use (>7 drinks per week for women or > 14 drinks per week for men) as determined by clinical evaluation. - Current use of any drug formulation that contains alcohol or that might contain alcohol - Current use of warfarin. - Clinically active hepatitis determined by the study physician; ALT or AST > 3 x the upper limit of normal or total bilirubin outside the normal range. - Allergy to rubber or thiuram derivatives
Study Design
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Sequential Assignment
- Intervention Model Description
- This is a dose escalation double blind randomized (2:1) placebo-controlled trial of disulfiram given as 1000 mg/day x 5 consecutive days (Cohort 1: N=20 drug/N=10 placebo) or 2000 mg/day x 5 consecutive days (Cohort 2: N=20 drug/N=10 placebo) among 60 acute symptomatic lab-confirmed (<7 days) COVID+ individuals .
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
- Masking Description
- Double blind
Arm Groups
| Arm | Description | Assigned Intervention |
|---|---|---|
|
Experimental Disulfiram |
This study will provide disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days. Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days. |
|
|
Placebo Comparator Placebo |
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days. Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days. |
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Recruiting Locations
More Details
- NCT ID
- NCT04485130
- Status
- Terminated
- Sponsor
- University of California, San Francisco
Detailed Description
The identification of a safe, effective treatment for individuals with early mild-to-moderate symptomatic COVID-19 that prevent progression to more severe disease would have immediate public health implications. A hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease is immune system dysregulation called cytokine storm. Multiple studies have reported that patients with severe disease demonstrate elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines early in disease, and elevated IL-6 plasma concentrations are predictive of poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Disulfiram, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence disorder is an appealing therapeutic option for COVID-19. It has a good safety profile, easy dosing schedule, and recent data suggesting multiple mechanisms by which disulfiram may act on COVID-19 (both as a direct antiviral agent as well as indirect effects on reducing inflammation). In addition disulfiram has been studied extensively with detailed available pharmacokinetic data; disulfiram has a short half-life ~7.5 hours with >90% of drug eliminated within 3 days post-dose, allowing quick reversal of any potential adverse effects. We will perform a phase 2 randomized (2:1), double blind placebo-controlled assessment of disulfiram in people with early mild-to-moderate symptomatic COVID-19. A total of 60 symptomatic COVID+ individuals will enrolled to receive active drug versus placebo (with equal distribution of mild or moderate/severe within each dosing cohort and within each randomization arm). For cohort 1, N=20 will receive DSF 1000 mg/N=10 placebo, and for cohort 2, N=20 will receive DSF 2000 mg/N=10 placebo. Drug/placebo will be administered using strict infection control protocols designed to support the study of people with acute COVID-19 infection per the Center for Diseases Control (CDC) guidelines (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/disposition-in-home-patients.html).