Careful Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19)

Purpose

This is a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial with an adaptive design assessing the efficacy of setting the ventilator based on measurements of respiratory mechanics (recruitability and effort) to reduce Day 60 mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The CAVIARDS study is also a basket trial; a basket trial design examines a single intervention in multiple disease populations. CAVIARDS consists of an identical 2-arm mechanical ventilation protocol implemented in two different study populations (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients). As per a typical basket trial design, the operational structure of both the COVID-19 substudy (CAVIARDS-19) and non-COVID-19 substudy (CAVIARDS-all) is shared (recruitment, procedures, data collection, analysis, management, etc.).

Condition

  • ARDS

Eligibility

Eligible Ages
Over 18 Years
Eligible Genders
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No

Inclusion Criteria

  1. Age ≥ 18 y 2. Moderate or severe ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mmHg) within 48 h of meeting Berlin ARDS criteria

Exclusion Criteria

  1. Received continuous mechanical ventilation > 7 days 2. Known or clinically suspected elevated intracranial pressure (>18mmHg) necessitating strict control of PaCO2 3. Known pregnancy 4. Broncho-pleural fistula 5. Severe liver disease (Child-Pugh Score ≥ 10) 6. BMI >40kg/m2 7. Anticipating withdrawal of life support and/or shift to palliation as the goal of care 8. Patient is receiving ECMO at time of randomization

Study Design

Phase
N/A
Study Type
Interventional
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention Model
Parallel Assignment
Intervention Model Description
This study is also a basket design, which examines a single intervention in multiple disease populations. This basket trial consists of an identical 2-arm mechanical ventilation protocol implemented in two different study populations (patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS, and patients with all ARDS not induced by COVID-19). The protocol and procedures are identical between the two study populations in this basket trial.
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Masking
Single (Outcomes Assessor)

Arm Groups

ArmDescriptionAssigned Intervention
Active Comparator
Control 		Standard ventilation strategy.
  • Other: Standard Ventilation Strategy
    Patients randomized to the control arm will receive standard care. The PEEP is adjusted for oxygenation based on a PEEP-FiO2 table, either the low PEEP-FiO2 or the high PEEP-FiO2 table. Volume targeted ventilation with initial VT 6 mL·kg-1 and Plateau pressure at 30 cmH2O or below, targeting PaO2 60-80 or SpO2 90-95%, adjusted as per the protocol. Pressure-support ventilation is at physician's discretion, but recommended when FiO2 <60%, and is titrated VT 6-8 mL·kg-1.
Experimental
Respiratory Mechanics 		The goal of this arm is to individualize tidal volume (VT) and PEEP according to respiratory mechanics.
  • Other: Respiratory Mechanics
    Different maneuvers based on respiratory mechanics will be assessed at the bedside and will be used to individualize ventilator parameters. Recruitability will be assessed with a one breath decremental PEEP maneuver, and search for airway closure with a low-flow pressure volume or pressure-time curve. If the patient has airway closure, the minimal PEEP will be set at the airway opening pressure to avoid closure. If the patient is considered recruitable, the goal is to set PEEP at or above 15cmH20 to maximize alveolar recruitment, until the plateau pressure reaches the safety limit. Volume control ventilation at 6ml·kg-1 will be used. Once spontaneous breathing has started, the occlusion pressure (P0.1) will be maintained within targets.

Recruiting Locations

New York University Grossman School of Medicine
New York, New York 10016
Contact:
David Kaufman, MD

More Details

NCT ID
NCT03963622
Status
Recruiting
Sponsor
Unity Health Toronto

Study Contact

Laurent Brochard, MD
416-864-6060
laurent.brochard@unityhealth.to

Detailed Description

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major public health problem affecting approximately 10% of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 23% of all patients on a breathing machine (mechanical ventilator). The short-term mortality of patients with ARDS is approximately 40% and better ventilation of these patients has the greatest potential to improve outcomes. The lungs in patients with ARDS are severely inflamed which reduces lung volume and their ability to stretch, making ventilation difficult and dangerous. However, mechanical ventilation is the mainstay of supportive therapy. Although it is life-saving, it can also can generate secondary injury and inflammation, called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The investigators know that inadequate mechanical ventilation worsens outcomes but are uncertain of the optimal way to manage ventilators at the bedside. Furthermore, ARDS is challenging because there is no treatment for the alveolar-capillary leak characterizing this syndrome; aside from treating the underlying cause, the only supportive therapy is mechanical ventilation. This is specially the case for COVID-19 induced ARDS. Despite best practices, over-distension of the lung or inappropriate positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is common. Finally, once spontaneous breathing has resumed and is assisted by the ventilator, an additional phenomenon occurs, called patient self-inflicted lung injury. The drive for breathing in many patients is stimulated by lung inflammation, and strong breathing efforts can generate high distending pressures, causing lung (and systemic) inflammation and organ damage. Whether the management of COVID-19 induced ARDS should differ from all other ARDS has been debated at length but has no clear response Recent advances in our understanding of bedside physiology (airway closure, recruitability, lung distension, respiratory drive) can now be applied for an individual titration of mechanical ventilation.